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the beauty of regenerative farming

7/31/2021

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Last month I started my next chapter in helping change in ag, and I briefly talked about my thoughts on the future of ag and regenerative agriculture practices. I am adding a few more thoughts in this note, along with a very cool little youtube vid I found when doing some cursory research last weekend. And with more recent mainstream press coverage for sure discovery work is in progress! In this note, I am trying to get my head around understanding a little bit more, at a very high level, the differences and challenges to the conversion. 
 
It’s amazing to see that regenerative farmers in the EU, North America, Brazil, Australia, and India (mainly) are working actively to change the way we farm in this decade and as a result increase biodiversity, enrich soils, improve watersheds, and enhancing the health of livestock and wildlife. And by thinking more holistically, they in turn increase the resilience of their farms to weather events and help boost the sustainability of their communities as well. 
 
And with government policies and the food industry looking for solutions that will improve and secure food supplies in the post-covid era, orgs in the US, Brazil, India and the EU are planning to have millions of acres converted to regenerative farming methods (for example, Patagonia, Danone, General Mills and Mc Cain) and invested multi-million-dollar budgets. 
Recap: 5 principles of regenerative agriculture: Regenerative Ag has five main principles, 
  • Minimizing soil disturbance
  • Minimizing the use of chemical inputs
  • Maximizing biodiversity, both animals and plants
  • Keeping the soil covered with crops as long as possible
  • Adapting to the local environment
 
These are put into practice under a general, guiding principle of integrating all the farm’s operations as far as possible. In today’s conventional farming approach, crops and livestock production are typically kept separate. Regenerative agriculture combines them in circular ecosystems; essentially, the animals feed the plants, and the plants feed the animals. The regulated grazing of sheep or cows, for example, encourages plant growth, and distributes natural nutrients back over the land in the form of dung. Poultry also fertilizes land, as well as eating unwelcome bugs and weeds.
 
The focus of regenerative farming is most commonly to be the quality and performance of the soil, and regenerative farmers use growing practices that improve the health of their land (by the way there is now evidence that this approach can enrich soil and improve watersheds, which reduces topsoil runoff) , with the more common regenerative farming methods including:
  • No-till systems, which heavily reduce the digging and ploughing that can lead to loosened topsoil being blown away by wind or carried away by water
  • Cover crops, which are grown in the soil when the main commercial crop has been harvested, and can be grazed by livestock or harvested themselves
  • Increasing biodiversity, which increases the variety of nutrients going into the soil through roots and natural decomposition and, if well-managed, attracts insects which are the natural predators of pests
  • Rotating crops, so that what is being taken out and put into soil naturally by plants is balanced
  • Integrating livestock, so as to combine animals and plants in a single ecosystem
  • Minimizing chemical inputs, to minimize negative impact on biodiversity and pollution of waterways due to runoff.
For the last century industrial farming has prioritized increasing production. Regenerative Agriculture addresses cost and regards profit for farmers as more important than production: if we can produce the same output with half the input, the farmer makes more money. Some see this as farming the way it used to be, before the shit to heavy mechanization and intense chemical us in the 1950s and 60s, which encouraged monocultures and ever-larger farms
The advantages of regenerative farming in infiltration and biodiversity
Improving the soil not only increases fertility in a sustainable way, but also tends to improve water infiltration. Better infiltration means less runoff, and also less erosion and pollution from soil being carried away in the runoff water. In some areas, water springs that dried up several years ago have begun to flow again due to new regenerative farming approaches.
 
In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted supply chains and demand, and increased the amount of food waste in farms and fields while threatening food security for many. As agriculture gradually regains its footing, participants and stakeholders are casting an eye ahead, to safeguarding food supplies against the potentially greater and more disruptive effects and once again, innovation and advanced technologies are making a powerful contribution to secure and sustainable food production. And as a new agricultural ecosystem rapidly emerges, I am convinced that regenerative ag is very well positioned to replace 20th century conventional farming.
 

Let me know what you think here. 
​My name's phil mora and I blog about the things I love fitness, hacking work, tech and anything holistic. 
​
New Chapter! Head of Product at Vayda
Vayda is advancing regenerative outcomes in agriculture. By combining regenerative principles and a high-tech approach, we are focused on facilitating the reversal of climate change, while rebuilding natural ecosystems and feeding people with healthier food.
 
thinker, doer, designer, coder, leader

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What is regenerative Agriculture?

7/13/2021

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What is regenerative agriculture?
 As climate change becomes a more mainstream issue, consumers, farmers, brands and retailers are beginning to take a closer look at how to review land and animal management practices: if current topsoil degradation rates continue unchecked, all topsoil could be depleted in 60 years. And since it takes 1,000 years to generate one inch (3 centimeters) of topsoil naturally, now is a good time to take action. 
 
Sustaining topsoil isn’t enough. We need also to adopt practices that can regenerate soils with improving soil health as the central foundation. While the term “regenerative agriculture” can have many meanings, in general it describes farming and grazing practices such as restoring degraded soil, improving biodiversity, and increasing carbon capture with the intention of creating long-term environmental benefits, positively impacting climate change while drastically improving farm profitability.

Balancing profitability and sustainability: regenerative agricultural practices can protect the environment, improve soil fertility, and optimize long-term profitably to create greater food security. Increasingly, precision farmers use geo-enabled smart devices and cloud computing to understand how no-till, cover crops, rotational grazing, and other sustainable practices contribute to better soil health, biodiversity, and CO2 sequestration.
Regenerative Agriculture Practices
Regenerative agriculture practices improve the overall health of soil and the environment. One of the key principles of regenerative agriculture is to keep the soil covered at all times. This is achieved through cover crops, which protect the soil from wind and water erosion, lower the temperature of the soil, and feed the microorganisms within it. A “no till” guideline helps to protect the soil’s natural microbiome, so by limiting the disturbance of the soil, it maintains its structure and prevents erosion. Lastly, regenerative agriculture promotes crop diversity. Biological ecosystems are maintained and strengthened by cultivating a diverse number of crops, which work to enrich and restore the health of the soil as well as create a habitat for beneficial insects.
 
In summary: financial impact of employing regenerative agriculture practices comes not only from the improvement and productivity of the soil profile but also from the effects and implications of the regenerative agricultural practices.
 
Four basic principles govern regenerative agriculture: 
  1. Eliminate or significantly reduce soil disturbance
  2. Maximize biodiversity 
  3. Keep soils covered 
  4. Maintain a living root system at all times
 
With the successful implementation of each practice, soil microbial, fungi, and bacterial populations strengthen the symbiotic relationship with one another, nutrients and minerals, water, and, most importantly, the roots of a developing crop. These relationships form the nexus of soil health, untapped yield potential, nutrient cycling, porosity, water infiltration, and organic matter development. 
 
Improved soil health reduces the need for excessive fertilizer, herbicide, and pesticide inputs by creating an optimal environment of nutrient cycling and plant vigor; this allows plants to compete better and face growing-season challenges. By progressing through these practices, allowing each principle to build on the next, a sustainable production model is created.
 
How Consumers Can Help
The easiest way consumers can contribute is to align themselves with brands that utilize products grown via regenerative agriculture. By way of vegetable and grains, consumers can do research to see if the farms where these products were grown utilized regenerative agriculture concepts like cover crops, crop rotation, and no-till. By way of meat, dairy, and eggs, consumers can look into if the farmers utilized practices like holistic management and rotational grazing
 
And now, the proof is in the pudding – here’s a great TedX talk from Gabe Brown, a regenerative farmer in North Dakota and a pioneer of soil health.


Let me know what you think here.
​My name's phil mora and I blog about the things I love fitness, hacking work, tech and anything holistic. 
​
New Chapter! Head of Product at Vayda
Vayda is advancing regenerative outcomes in agriculture. By combining regenerative principles and a high-tech approach, we are focused on facilitating the reversal of climate change, while rebuilding natural ecosystems and feeding people with healthier food.
 
thinker, doer, designer, coder, leader
0 Comments

A very simple framework on usage KPIs in e-commerce

6/19/2021

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Performance informs business decisions, KPIs drive actions: I was discussing with another startup founder this week (hint hint) on the importance of being data-driven in all decisions (I did write about this on medium a few years back). Key performance indicators (KPIs) are milestones on the road to success and monitoring them will help product-driven entrepreneurs identify progress towards their goals (of world domination) – and as such, KPIs should be chosen and monitored based on a startup’s specific and unique business goals. But with that in mind, I was thinking I would write a quick reminder note on the most common funnel-driven KPIs in e-commerce. 
 
Discovery metrics: Help Measure the activities that create awareness and discovery
 
  • Impressions: the number of times a unit content is presented to someone. They can occur really anywhere from search results, social platforms to paid ads. An impression is not a click and one of the most controllable metrics available because almost entirely based on their allocated budget.
  • Reach: the total number of followers and subscribers, the sum of all of those who will see the company’s content (includes email opt-in subscribers, Facebook followers, and loyalty program subscribers. Reach is best improved by consistent campaigns (social media, email, or otherwise) to encourage subscribers, followers, etc. The better defined the company’s brand and voice are, the more effective your campaigns will be to improve reach.
  • Engagement: Engagement is the intersection of Impressions and reach. Essentially: how many of your followers and subscribers (the reach) are engaging with the company’s content (the impressions). This may include acquisition-related activities like click-through, but it may also include non-acquisition-related activities such as likes and shares. Engagement will most benefit from continuous activities to promote the brand and product akin to farming (vs. hunting, which is one-off).
 
Acquisition metrics 
 
There are many, many metrics in this phase of the funnel, so we’ll only focus on a few.
 
  • Email click-through: Email click-through rate is how many of email subscribers (who’ve received the email AND opened it, which are other metrics) clicked through to the site or app. Strong calls-to-action and good subject lines impact the metric drastically.
  • Cost per acquisition (CPA): CPA has to be understood in the context of the Average Order Value (example CPA $25 vs. AOV $100 is good) and can be improved by segmenting campaigns to better target customers who will best respond to the campaigns’ call-to-actions, landing pages that will help reinforce call-to-actions, and (of course) managing campaign budgets carefully.
  • Organic acquisition traffic: In the long run and in a blue sky, the idea is to attract people to the site without paying for them, so it’s important to measure how many visitors reach the site organically, which is commonly available in all analytics platforms. Organic traffic can be improved by ensuring that on-site/technical SEO remains true to best practices (proper tagging, good response time, etc.) and that off-page SEO performs well.
  • Social media engagement: Social media metrics can provide a lot of value, the following the top social media engagement KPIs that should be tracked on a regular basis:
 
  • Likes per post: “Likes” is a catch-all metric I am using for people that have upvoted your social media posts. These will come in the form of Likes, thumbs ups, favorites or +1’s. To calculate it, you will need to collate likes on each social media platform and divide it by the number of posts on the individual platform.
  • Shares per post: “Shares” is a catch-all metric for “shares,” “retweets” and “repins.” This metric is indicative of the average number of times posts are shared over a given amount of time.
  • Comments per post: “Comments” is a catch-all metric for mentions and comments to your social media posts. This metric is a gauge of how much of a community your brand is garnering on social media.
  • Clicks per post: The clicks per post metric measures link click-throughs from social media posts over a given period of time. To calculate this metric, collate the number of clicks from your social media posts over a specific period (typically over a month) and then divide it by the number of published social media posts over the same time period.
 
 
Conversion metrics
 
Measure the performance in converting from a store visitor to a paying customer, adding products to their shopping cart and actually checking out.
 
  • Shopping cart abandonment rate: Shopping cart abandonment is a measure of how many people add something to their cart but leave the site without making a purchase. This measure is important to see if there are issues with the funnel to the cart and checkout experience.
  • Checkout abandonment: A critical metric of how many people leave without making a purchase after they begin the checkout process. While similar to shopping cart abandonment, it’s important to measure them separately to see if the checkout process is the root cause of abandonments or if the problem is something else entirely. Abandonment rates can be improved primarily by intuitive cart management, which includes persistent pages, urgency messaging, saving customers carts, etc.  
  • Average order value (AOV): the average price customers are paying for the items in their cart when they check out. When measured over time, it is an important measurement to know as it relates to marketing effectiveness. AOV can be increased by selling add-ons, loyalty programs, or by having a good second looks at more fundamental business model questions like pricing, products quality, etc.  
  • Sales conversion rates:  the total number of sales divided by the total number of sessions. Understanding this number is critical to determining how much traffic is required to generate target sales.
 
Retention metrics.
 
Acquiring a new customer is anywhere from 5 to 25 times more expensive than retaining an existing one. Retention-focused metrics drastically benefit from good customer service, loyalty programs, repeat purchase campaigns, and a true investment in customer satisfaction.
 
  • Customer Retention rate: the percentage of customers (minus net new customers) maintained as clients over a period of time. The higher this number, the better the company’s doing in servicing their customers. 
  • Customer lifetime value (CLV): CLV is the total amount earned from customers over the length of their relationship with the company, as measured by AOV, repeat transactions, and retention period. This is important to calculate as it’s likely to reveal underperforming repeat and retention activities.
  • Repeat customer rate: the percentage of customers have made multiple purchases. This is another way to measure how well customers are being serviced. 
  • Refund and return rate: Depending on the industry, returns might be highly common and already baked into financials models, or alternatively, they may be extremely rare. Returns can also be a powerful driver to entice customers to hit ‘buy now’. Use returns and refunds as fuel to drive the business, not to burn you.
  • Churn rate: Tracks customer turnover, measures the number of users lost over a given period of time. It’s important to measure and work on strategies to delight customers when they’re around because It’s always easier to resell to a current customer than to gain a new one. 
 
5. Advocacy metrics
 
Advocates are a company’s goldmine, they’re the ones who deserve the white glove treatment. These metrics will help a company measure the efforts taken to show them the Company cares.
 
  • Net promoter score (NPS):  how likely would customers be to refer the Company’s products? Based on their numeric answer, customers fall into one of three categories — detractors, passives, and promoters. The more promoters, the better. It’s important to note that different industries have different scales of good and bad NPS scores. NPS will benefit from the combination of everything in the business, from product quality to customer service quality, from the customer experience to the quality of the employment experience to employees, for example. NPS measures everything and is incredibly valuable to measure.
  • Subscription rate: As email marketing remains high-value, it’s important to know what percentage of visitors have opted-in for email lists. This signals that customers want to hear from the business. On the flip side, unsubscribe rate is as important as new subscriptions. For example, seeing huge swaths of users fleeing from emails, it might be time to reconsider the approach. Unsubscribes will always be around, but it’s important to minimize it, aiming for less than 0.5% (and less than .25% is great).​
  • Program participation rate: As ecommerce technologies and practices have matured, more and more merchants have turned to advocacy programs like loyalty programs or review platforms. 

Let me know what you think here.
​My name's phil mora and I blog about the things I love fitness, hacking work, tech and anything holistic. 
​
Head of Product
thinker, doer, designer, coder, leader

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An Update On Product Market Fit?

6/9/2021

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A few weeks back I was talking to a startup founder and we were discussing product-market fit … This is actually a really good question in the context of Agriculture: a very slow, cyclical, highly commoditized and culturally entrenched industry – almost backwards by high-tech industry standards. And as such, I’ve been ideating on trying to find a good definition of a starting point for product-market fit in Ag and how, as an early stage startup and as a product manager, we should tackle the answer. More generally, product managers will always find it hard to figure out what features and product initiatives to prioritize amongst so many competing priorities and stakeholder demands (I have talked about this here!)
 
Made popular by Marc Andreesen in the 2000s, product market fit at the time was the “only thing that matters” or the exact moment when a startup successfully finds itself in “a good market with a product that can satisfy that market”. In the B2C world, this is iPod and the fitness crowd in 2003 or Netflix and DVDs in the early 2000s. But how does this pan out in the B2B world of AgTech? 
 
Since there is a lot of product/market fit literature all over the internet, here’s a sampler of what I gathered with a quick google search and that I find the most relevant: 
  • Product/market fit is when you build something that people want
  • Product/market fit is when you have the right solution to a problem that’s worth solving
  • Product/market fit is when users love your product so much they tell other people to use it
 
A. Product/market fit is when you build something that people want
 
I will have a more detailed note about this particular definition very soon – it’s a great update from the initial Marc Andreesen definition by Paul Graham (Y-Combinator). Essentially, it stems from the accurate observation that most founders build things nobody wants. And the reason is that they think about startup ideas, not products but sound plausible enough to fool them into working on them. Graham goes on that when launching a startup business, there should already be some people who urgently need the product, and not just the idea of a potential benefit of using it. So the only question that matters is “who wants this right now?” – And as such as an entrepreneur as well as product manager, instead of (most often than not without evil) forcing your views on users, always ask yourself who wants what you’re building so much that they’ll use it even if it’s a crappy buggy first iteration MVP? 
 
B. Product/Market fit is when you have the right solution to a problem that’s worth solving
 
The lean startup literature refines the two previous suggestions further by breaking up this startup lifecycle into three stages:
  • Validating the Problem/Solution Fit: the critical question to ask here is: Do we have a problem worth solving? Answer this by separating the problem from the solution and testing just the problem via customer development interviews. The goal of this stage is to identify if there’s a problem worth solving before building out a solution.
  • Product/Market Fit: once you have a problem worth solving, you can start evaluating how well your solution – “the product” solves that problem. The key question here is: Have I built something people want? Startups should focus on validated learning through experiments and pivot accordingly until they’re ready for the next step
  • Scale: once product/market fit is here, the next step is to ask yourself “how do we accelerate growth?” in other words it’s time to think about processes and business optimization. This is a very tricky time in the life of a product and startup, I will discuss this in detail at a later note. 
 
C. Product/market fit is when users love your product so much they tell other people to use it
This is my favorite because this is Porter early definition of Product/Market fit in the 1990s, way before “software was eating the world”: “When people understand and use your product enough to recognize it’s value that’s a huge win. But when they begin to share their positive experience with others, when you can replicate the experience with every new user who your existing users tell, then you have product-market fit on your hands. And when this occurs something magical happens. All of a sudden your customers become your salespeople.”
 
Simply put, product market fit is having enough users that love your product so much they spontaneously tell other people to use it … in other words, as a product manager you build a strong viral base of advocates for your product. As an example, chances are that the first time you used Slack somebody in your friends circle invited you to use it – you didn’t click on an ad online, right? By doing so you will also avoid the trappings of targeting a growth goal first and probably fool yourself until someone (like me) digs into your user retention numbers! (See my note on growth product management pitfalls here.)
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In conclusion, for product managers as well as startup entrepreneurs, and also in the context of Ag Tech startup this does apply super well, which is the reason why I thought about writing this in the first place, it’s important to separate product/market fit from problem/solution fit and more specifically, in order to estimate your true potential customer base, you will need to make sure you measure the true desire for your product, not just for a solution. If not you’ll most likely end up with a product/market fit false positive. Further, always thrive to find a high or extreme degree of product/market fit or set yourself up for a giant, and often times, super costly, world of painful disappointment. ​

Let me know what you think here.
​My name's phil mora and I blog about the things I love: fitness, hacking work, tech and anything holistic. 
​
Head of Product
thinker, doer, designer, coder, leader
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